Cognitive Rehabilitation Therapy (CRT) is an umbrella term for treatments that target
cognitive issues that can occur after a brain damage. CRT does not refer to a specific
approach to treatment due to the vast variety of cognitive symptoms and degree of cognitive
difficulties in people with brain damage. Although physical injuries or problems with
speech or swallowing are commonly covered by insurance, several health insurers deny
reimbursement for CRT. In addition to the “invisibility” of cognitive disorders, a lack of
knowledge of cognitive remediation therapy (CRT) may contribute to reimbursement
difficulties.
In its 2011 report, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) provides the following broad definition of
cognitive rehabilitation: “Cognitive rehabilitation attempts to improve the functioning and
independence of patients with cognitive impairments due to brain damage or disease, most
commonly after TBI or stroke.” (IOM, 2011, p. 76). It underlines that CRT is distinct from
cognitive behavioural therapy, a therapeutic technique for emotional and mental health
issues. The IOM describes two general CRT approaches:

• Restorative treatment, whose objective is to strengthen the cognitive system’s ability
  to perform a variety of tasks.
• Compensatory treatment, which trains solutions to specific issue areas, such as
  employing memory journals or learning self-cueing procedures.

CRT is variable in terms of practitioners, venues, emphasis, and therapy modalities. CRT
services are delivered by a variety of different sorts of experts. Typically, these practitioners
are credentialed and licenced by their respective professions and state boards.

• Speech-language therapy
• Pathology
• Occupational therapy
• Physical therapy
• Neuropsychologists
• Vocational rehabilitation
• Nurses
• Physiatrists

CRT services are offered in several venues, such as:

• Hospitals
• Inpatient rehabilitation units
• Outpatient departments
• Community rehabilitation centres for brain injury
  Individual therapy, group therapy, day treatment programmes, and a variety of intensities,
  such as intensive inpatient rehabilitation, daily outpatient, or weekly, may also be employed.